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This case report has described a case of papillary carcinoma of thyroglossal duct in a young male. This patient was admitted with a mass in the anterior neck for 2 years. Preoperative Bultrasonography, CT and MR showed a subcutaneous cystic mass with irregular calcification shadow in the central region of the neck without obvious enhancement. Initial diagnosis was thyroglossal duct cyst, and was excised by Sistrunk under general anesthesia. The postoperative pathological examination showed thyroglossal duct cyst combined with thyroid papillary carcinoma, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry as thyroglossal duct papillary carcinoma.
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Humans , Male , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology , Thyroglossal Cyst/surgery , Thyroid Cancer, PapillaryABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the influences of age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (ACCI) on prognosis of patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 242 gastric cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy in 19 hospitals of the Chinese Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study Group-04 study, including 54 patients in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 32 patients in the First Hospital of Putian City, 32 patients in Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 31 patients in Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 17 patients in Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, 11 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 8 patients in Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, 8 patients in Meizhou People′s Hospital, 7 patients in Fujian Provincial Hospital, 6 patients in Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 6 patients in Longyan First Hospital, 5 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 5 patients in the First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University, 4 patients in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4 patients in West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 4 patients in Beijing University Cancer Hospital, 3 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 3 patients in Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital, 2 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University, from September 2016 to October 2017 were collected. There were 193 males and 49 females, aged 62(range, 23?74)years. Observation indicators: (1) age distribution, comorbidities and ACCI status of patients; (2) the grouping of ACCI and comparison of clinicopathological characteristics of patients in each group; (3) incidence of postoperative early complications and analysis of factors affecting postoperative early complications; (4) follow-up; (5) analysis of factors affecting the 3-year recurrence-free survival rate of patients. Follow-up was conducted using outpatient examination or telephone interview to detect postoperative survival of patients up to December 2020. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3) or M(range), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Comparison of ordinal data was conducted using the nonparametric rank sum test. The X-Tile software (version 3.6.1) was used to analyze the best ACCI grouping threshold. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates and draw survival curves. The Log-Rank test was used for survival analysis. The Logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting postoperative early complications. The COX proportional hazard model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses of factors affecting the 3-year recurrence-free survival rate of patients. Multivariate analysis used stepwise regression to include variables with P<0.05 in univariate analysis and variables clinically closely related to prognosis. Results:(1) Age distribution, comor-bidities and ACCI status of patients. Of the 242 patients, there were 28 cases with age <50 years, 68 cases with age of 50 to 59 years, 113 cases with age of 60 to 69 years, 33 cases with age of 70 to 79 years. There was 1 patient combined with mild liver disease, 1 patient combined with diabetes of end-organ damage, 2 patients combined with peripheral vascular diseases, 2 patients combined with peptic ulcer, 6 patients combined with congestive heart failure, 8 patients combined with chronic pulmonary diseases, 9 patients with diabetes without end-organ damage. The ACCI of 242 patients was 2 (range, 0-4). (2) The grouping of ACCI and comparison of clinicopathological characteristics of patients in each group. Results of X-Tile software analysis showed that ACCI=3 was the best grouping threshold. Of the 242 patients, 194 cases with ACCI <3 were set as the low ACCI group and 48 cases with ACCI ≥3 were set as the high ACCI group, respectively. Age, body mass index, cases with preoperative comorbidities, cases of American Society of Anesthesiologists classification as stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ, stage Ⅲ, tumor diameter, cases with tumor histological type as signet ring cell or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and cases with tumor type as moderately or well differentiated adenocarcinoma, cases with tumor pathological T staging as stage T1, stage T2, stage T3, stage T4, chemotherapy cycles were (58±9)years, (22.6±2.9)kg/m 2, 31, 106, 85, 3, (4.0±1.9)cm, 104, 90, 16, 29, 72, 77, 6(4,6) in the low ACCI group, versus (70±4) years, (21.7±2.7)kg/m 2, 23, 14, 33, 1, (5.4±3.1)cm, 36, 12, 3, 4, 13, 28, 4(2,5) in the high ACCI group, showing significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups ( t=-14.37, 1.98, χ2=22.64, Z=-3.11, t=-2.91, χ2=7.22, Z=-2.21, -3.61, P<0.05). (3) Incidence of postoperative early complications and analysis of factors affecting postoperative early complications. Of the 242 patients, 33 cases had postoperative early complications, including 20 cases with local complications and 16 cases with systemic complica-tions. Some patients had multiple complications at the same time. Of the 20 patients with local complications, 12 cases had abdominal infection, 7 cases had anastomotic leakage, 2 cases had incision infection, 2 cases had abdominal hemorrhage, 2 cases had anastomotic hemorrhage and 1 case had lymphatic leakage. Of the 16 patients with systemic complications, 11 cases had pulmonary infection, 2 cases had arrhythmias, 2 cases had sepsis, 1 case had liver failure, 1 case had renal failure, 1 case had pulmonary embolism, 1 case had deep vein thrombosis, 1 case had urinary infection and 1 case had urine retention. Of the 33 cases with postoperative early complications, there were 3 cases with grade Ⅰ complications, 22 cases with grade Ⅱ complications, 5 cases with grade Ⅲa complications, 2 cases with grade Ⅲb complications and 1 case with grade Ⅳ complica-tions of Clavien-Dindo classification. Cases with postoperative early complications, cases with local complications, cases with systemic complications were 22, 13, 9 in the low ACCI group, versus 11, 7, 7 in the high ACCI group, respectively. There were significant differences in cases with postoperative early complications and cases with systemic complications between the two groups ( χ2=4.38, 4.66, P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in cases with local complications between the two groups ( χ2=2.20, P>0.05). Results of Logistic regression analysis showed that ACCI was a related factor for postoperative early complications of gastric cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy [ odds ratio=2.32, 95% confidence interval ( CI) as 1.04-5.21, P<0.05]. (4) Follow-up. All the 242 patients were followed up for 36(range,1?46)months. During the follow-up, 53 patients died and 13 patients survived with tumor. The 3-year recurrence-free survival rate of the 242 patients was 73.5%. The follow-up time, cases died and cases survived with tumor during follow-up, the 3-year recurrence-free survival rate were 36(range, 2-46)months, 29, 10, 80.0% for the low ACCI group, versus 35(range, 1-42)months, 24, 3, 47.4% for the high ACCI group. There was a significant difference in the 3-year recurrence-free survival rate between the two groups ( χ2=30.49, P<0.05). (5) Analysis of factors affecting the 3-year recurrence-free survival rate of patients. Results of univariate analysis showed that preoperative comorbidities, ACCI, tumor diameter, histological type, vascular invasion, lymphatic invasion, neural invasion, tumor pathological TNM staging, postoperative early complications were related factors for postoperative 3-year recurrence-free survival rate of gastric cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy [ hazard ratio ( HR)=2.52, 3.64, 2.62, 0.47, 2.87, 1.90, 1.86, 21.77, 1.97, 95% CI as 1.52-4.17, 2.22-5.95, 1.54-4.46, 0.27-0.80, 1.76-4.70, 1.15-3.12, 1.10-3.14, 3.01-157.52, 1.11-3.50, P<0.05]. Results of multivariate analysis showed that ACCI, tumor pathological TNM staging, adjuvant chemotherapy were indepen-dent influencing factors for postoperative 3-year recurrence-free survival rate of gastric cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy ( HR=3.65, 11.00, 40.66, 0.39, 95% CI as 2.21-6.02, 1.40-86.73, 5.41-305.69, 0.22-0.68, P<0.05). Conclusions:ACCI is a related factor for post-operative early complications of gastric cancer patients undergoing laparos-copic radical gastrectomy. ACCI, tumor pathological TNM staging, adjuvant chemotherapy are indepen-dent influencing factors for postoperative 3-year recurrence-free survival rate of gastric cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical value of muscle index changing value during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer after radical gastrec-tomy.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 362 gastric cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with radical gastrectomy in 3 medical centers, including 163 cases in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 141 cases in the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and 58 cases in St. Mary′s Hospital, from January 2010 to December 2017 were collected. There were 270 males and 92 females, aged from 26 to 79 years, with a median age of 61 years. Of 362 patients, 304 cases in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital and the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University were allocated into modeling group and 58 cases in St. Mary′s Hospital were allocated into validation group. Observation indicators: (1) changes of indicators including body composition parameters, tumor markers and stress status indicators in patients in modeling group during neoadjuvant chemotherapy; (2) follow-up and survival of patients; (3) analysis of risk factor affecting prognosis of patients in modeling group; (4) construc-tion and comparison of prognostic prediction models; (5) evaluation of prognostic prediction models. Follow-up was conducted using outpatient examination, telephone interview and mail communication to detect postoperative survival of patients up to April 2021. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range). Count data were described as absolute numbers. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed using the COX proportional hazard model. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates and draw survival curves. The Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Results:(1) Changes of indicators including body composition parameters, tumor markers and stress status indicators in patients in modeling group during neoadjuvant chemotherapy: the subcutaneous adipose index, visceral adipose index, muscle index, carcinoem-bryonic antigen, CA19-9, body mass index, prognostic nutritional index and modified systemic inflammation score of 304 gastric cancer patients in the modeling group before neoadjuvant chemotherapy were 31.2 cm 2/m 2(range, 0.6?96.0 cm 2/m 2), 25.1 cm 2/m 2(range, 0.1?86.3 cm 2/m 2), 47.1 cm 2/m 2(range, 27.6?76.6 cm 2/m 2), 43.2 μg/L(range, 0.2?1 000.0 μg/L), 108.7(range, 0.6? 1 000.0)U/mL, 21.9 kg/m 2(range, 15.6?29.7 kg/m 2), 46.8(range, 28.6?69.0), 1.0±0.8, respectively. The above indicators of 304 gastric cancer patients in the modeling group before radical gastrec-tomy were 32.5 cm 2/m 2(range, 5.1?112.0 cm 2/m 2), 25.4 cm 2/m 2(range, 0.2?89.0 cm 2/m 2), 47.0 cm 2/m 2(range, 16.8?67.0 cm 2/m 2), 17.0 μg/L(range, 0.2?1 000.0 μg/L), 43.9 U/mL(range, 0.6?1 000.0 U/mL), 21.6 kg/m 2(range, 31.1?29.0 kg/m 2), 47.7(range, 30.0?84.0), 1.0±0.8, respectively. The changing value of above indicators of 304 gastric cancer patients in the modeling group during neoadjuvant chemotherapy were 1.4 cm 2/m 2(range, ?31.0?35.1 cm 2/m 2), 0.2 cm 2/m 2(range, ?23.5?32.6 cm 2/m 2), ?0.1 cm 2/m 2(range, ?18.2?15.9 cm 2/m 2), ?26.2 μg/L(range, ?933.5?89.9 μg/L), ?64.9 U/mL(range, ?992.1?178.6 U/mL), ?0.3 kg/m 2(range, ?9.7?7.1 kg/m 2), 0.9(range, ?27.1?38.2), 0.0±0.8, respec-tively. (2) Follow-up and survival of patients: 284 of 304 patients in the modeling group were followed up for 3 to 130 months, with a median follow-up time of 36 months. During follow-up, 130 cases died of tumor recurrence and metastasis and 9 cases died of non-tumor causes. The 5-year overall survival rate was 54.6%. Fifty-two of 58 patients in the validation group were followed up for 2 to 91 months, with a median follow-up time of 29 months. During follow-up, 21 cases died with the 5-year overall survival rate of 63.8%. (3) Analysis of risk factor affecting prognosis of patients in modeling group: results of univariate analysis showed that the postoperative pathological type and postoperative pathological staging were related factors affecting 5-year overall survival rate [ hazard ratio=1.685, 2.619, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.139?2.493, 1.941?3.533, P<0.05] and 5-year progression free rate survival of 304 gastric cancer patients in the modeling group after radical gastrectomy ( hazard ratio=1.468, 2.577, 95% CI: 1.000?2.154, 1.919?3.461, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that the postoperative pathological type and postoperative pathological staging were independent influencing factors for 5-year overall survival rate of 304 gastric cancer patients in the modeling group after radical gastrectomy ( hazard ratio=1.508, 2.287, 95% CI: 1.013?2.245, 1.691?3.093, P<0.05) and the postoperative patholo-gical staging was an independent influencing factor for 5-year progression free survival rate of 304 gastric cancer patients in the modeling group after radical gastrectomy ( hazard ratio= 2.317,95% CI: 1.719?3.123, P<0.05). (4) Construction and comparison of prognostic prediction models: the area under curve (AUC) of prognostic prediction model of subcutaneous adipose index changing value, visceral adipose index changing value, carcinoembryonic antigen changing value, CA19-9 changing value, body mass index changing value, prognostic nutritional index changing value, modified systemic inflammation score changing value for 304 gastric cancer patients in the modeling group were 0.549(95% CI: 0.504?0.593), 0.501(95% CI: 0.456?0.546), 0.566(95% CI: 0.521?0.610), 0.519(95% CI: 0.474?0.563), 0.588(95% CI: 0.545?0.632), 0.553(95% CI: 0.509?0.597), 0.539(95% CI: 0.495?0.584). The AUC of prognostic prediction model of muscle index changing value was 0.661(95% CI: 0.623?0.705) with significant differences to the AUC of prognostic predic-tion model of subcutaneous adipose index changing value, visceral adipose index changing value, carcinoembryonic antigen changing value, CA19-9 changing value, body mass index changing value, prognostic nutritional index changing value, modified systemic inflammation score changing value, respectively ( Z=3.960, 5.326, 3.353, 4.786, 2.455, 3.448, 3.987, P<0.05). The optimum cut-off value was 0.7 cm 2/m 2 for prognostic prediction model of muscle index changing. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed there were significant differences of overall survival and progression free survival for gastric cancer patients with subcutaneous adipose index changing value <0.7 cm 2/m 2 and ≥0.7 cm 2/m 2 in the modeling group ( χ2 =27.510, 21.830, P<0.05). The nomogram prognostic prediction model was cons-tructed based on 3 prognostic indicators including muscle index change value combined with postoperative pathological type and postoperative pathological staging and the AUC of nomogram prognostic prediction model were 0.762(95% CI: 0.708?0.815) and 0.788(95% CI: 0.661?0.885) for the modeling group and the validation group, respectively. The AUC of postoperative pathological staging prognostic prediction model were 0.706(95% CI: 0.648?0.765) and 0.727(95% CI: 0.594?0.835)for the modeling group and the validation group, respectively. There were significant differences of the AUC between the nomogram prognostic prediction model of muscle index change value combined with postoperative pathological type and postoperative pathological staging and the postoperative pathological staging prognostic prediction model in the modeling group and the validation group, respectively ( Z=3.522, 1.830, P<0.05). (5) Evaluation of prognostic prediction models: the nomogram prognostic prediction model of muscle index change value combined with postoperative pathological type and postoperative pathological staging showed that patients with score of 0-6 were classified in the low risk group, patients with score of >6 and ≤10 were classified in the moderate-low risk group, patients with score of >10 and ≤13 were classified in the moderate-high risk group and patients with score of >13 were classified in the high risk group. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed there were significant differences of the overall survival between the low risk group, moderate-low risk group, moderate-high risk group and high risk group patients in the modeling group and the validation group, respectively ( χ2 =75.276, 14.989, P<0.05). Results of decision making curve showed the nomogram prognostic prediction model of muscle index change value combined with postoperative pathological type and postoperative pathological staging had better clinical utility than the postoperative pathological staging prognostic prediction model in the modeling group and the validation group. Conclusions:The muscle index changing value of gastric cancer patient during neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be used as a prognostic indicator for gastric cancer patient prognosis after radical gastrectomy. The risk score of the nomogram prognostic prediction model of muscle index change value combined with postoperative pathological type and postoperative pathological staging can be used to evaluate the survival and prognosis of gastric cancer patients after radical gastrectomy.
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Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. China is still the country with the highest incidence of gastric cancer and most patients with gastric cancer are in locally advanced stage at the first diagnosis. Traditional radical surgery combined with post-operative adjuvant treatment is difficult to further improve the prognosis of patients. In recent years, the exploration and application of neoadjuvant treatment modes such as chemotherapy, radio-therapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer have made continuous progress. However, there is still no consensus on the benefit population, regimen options, and efficacy evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy. The authors review and comb the research progress and controversy of neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced gastric cancer.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of Later-cut overlap anastomosis versus Roux-en-Y anastomosis in laparoscopic total gastrectomy.Methods:The propensity score matching and retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 1 804 patients with gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from January 2014 to March 2019 were collected. There were 1 346 males and 458 females, aged from 18 to 91 years, with a median age of 63 years. Of 1 804 patients, 100 undergoing Later-cut overlap anastomosis for digestive tract reconstruction in totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy and 1 704 undergoing Roux-en-Y anastomosis in laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy were allocated into modified group and traditional group, respectively. Observation indicators: (1) the propensity score matching conditions and comparison of general data between the two groups after propensity score matching; (2) intraoperative and postoperative situations; (3) complications; (4) follow-up, including ① functional scales of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire-core 30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30) for two groups after propensity score matching, ② symptom scales of EORTC-QLQ-C30 for two groups after propensity score matching, ③ symptom scales of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire of stomach 22 (EORTC-QLQ-STO22) for two groups after propensity score matching, ④ subgroup analysis; (5) learning curve of Later-cut overlap anastomosis. Patients were followed up by outpatient examination, paying a visit, Email and telephone interview once every 3 months within postoperative 2 years and once every 6 months within postoperative 3-5 years to detect postoperative life quality up to December 2019. The propensity score matching was conducted by 1∶1 matching using the nearest neighbor method. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was done using the t test. Count data were represented as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. Comparison of ordinal data between groups was analyzed using the nonparametric rank sum test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M ( P25, P75) or M (range), and comparison between groups was done using the U test. The cumulative sum curve was used to analysis minor changes between individual and overall data, with the equation of CUSUM=∑ n,i=1 ( x i- μ), x i as esophagojejunostomy time of individuals, μ as the average time of esophagojejunostomy, n as serial number of patients. Results:(1) The propensity score matching conditions and comparison of general data between the two groups after propensity score matching: 200 of 1 804 patients had successful matching, including 100 in the modified group and 100 in the traditional group respectively. Before propensity score matching, the gender (males or females), age, tumor diameter, cases with tumor located at upper, middle or total stomach (tumor location), cases with differentiated or undifferentiated tumor (tumor differentiation degree), level of preoperative Alb, cases in stage T1, T2, T3, T4a (T staging), cases in stage N0, N1, N2, N3 (N staging), cases in stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ (Union International Control Cancer staging) were 62, 38, (55±13)years, 4.5 cm(1.5 cm, 7.5 cm), 22, 67, 11, 72, 28, (42±4)g/L, 36, 11, 39, 14, 58, 16, 8, 18, 44, 29, 27 of the modified group, versus 1 284, 420, (62±11)years, 6.5 cm(2.5 cm, 8.0 cm), 891, 675, 138, 1 392, 312, (39±7)g/L, 148, 200, 393, 963, 498, 517, 257, 432, 322, 604, 778 of the traditional group, showing significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups ( χ2=8.89, t=5.69, Z=2.75, χ2=35.31, 5.80, t=3.91, Z=-9.97, -5.44, -5.41, P<0.05). After propensity score matching, the above indicators were 62, 38, (55±13)years, 4.0 cm(1.5 cm, 7.5 cm), 22, 67, 11, 82, 18, (42±4)g/L, 36, 11, 39, 14, 58, 16, 8, 18, 44, 29, 27 of the modified group, versus 68, 32, (56±11)years, 4.0 cm(1.5 cm, 7.4 cm), 12, 74, 14, 87, 13, (41±5)g/L, 23, 18, 45, 14, 54, 18, 10, 18, 42, 40, 18 of the traditional group, showing no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( χ2=0.79, t=0.30, Z=0.87, χ2=3.65, 0.95, t=1.49, Z=-0.94, 1.43, -0.50, P>0.05). (2) Intraoperative and postoperative situations: after propensity score matching, the operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, the number of lymph node dissected, time to the first flatus, time to fluid diet intake, duration of postoperative hospital stay, treatment expenses were (195±41)minutes, 72 mL(range, 5-125 mL), 44±15, (3.4±1.1)days, (4.1±1.3)days, (10.7±4.3)days, (74 299±20 102)yuan of the modified group, versus (192±78)minutes, 67 mL(range, 10-195 mL), 40±18, (3.7±1.2)days, (4.5±1.9)days, (14.0±9.2)days, (71 029±12 231)yuan of the the traditional group, respectively. There was no significant difference in the operation time, the number of lymph node dissected, time to the first flatus, time to fluid diet intake, or treatment expenses between the two groups ( t=0.35, 1.73, 1.84, 1.74, 1.38, P>0.05). There were significant differences in the volume of intraoperative blood loss and duration of postoperative hospital stay between the two groups ( Z=0.62, t=3.25, P<0.05). (3) Complications: three patients in the modified group had complications, including 2 cases of anastomotic leakage and 1 case of abdominal infection. Four patients in the traditional group had complications, including 2 cases of anastomotic leakage, 1 case of anastomotic hemorrhage, 1 case of abdominal infection. There was no significant difference in the complications between the two groups ( χ2=0.00, P>0.05). Patients with anastomotic leakage and abdominal infection were cured after conservative treatments including adequate drainage, nutritional support, anti-inflammation. Patients with anastomotic hemorrhage were cured after blood transfusion and hemostatic therapy. There was no perioperative death in either group. (4) Follow-up: 146 patients received life quality evaluation at postoperative 6 months, including 78 in the modified group and 68 in the traditional group. ① Functional scales of EORTC-QLQ-C30 for two groups after propensity score matching: the scores of overall health functioning, physical functioning, role functioning, cognitive functioning, emotional functioning, social functioning were 31(22, 48), 75±27, 77±21, 79±15, 80±21, 76±29 for the modified group, respectively, versus 38(22, 57), 77±30, 79±27, 82±30, 82±31, 78±30 for the traditional group, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( Z=0.46, t=0.39, 0.40, 0.66, 0.49, P>0.05). ② Symptom scales of EORTC-QLQ-C30 for two groups after propensity score matching: the scores of fatigue, nausea and vomiting, pain, dyspnea, hyposomnia, anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, financial difficulty were 75±22, 89±19, 82±19, 77±19, 90±23, 74±14, 67±27, 74±28, 61±29 for the modified group, respectively, versus 72±28, 88±23, 91±23, 72±19, 88±19, 79±29, 68±28, 72±23, 61±24 for the traditional group; there was no significant difference in the scores of fatigue, nausea and vomiting, dyspnea, hyposomnia, anorexia, constipation, diarrhea or financial difficulty between the two groups ( t=0.70, 0.26, 1.56, 0.49, 0.43, 0.20, 0.43, 0.09, P>0.05), while there was a significant difference in the score of pain ( t=2.48, P<0.05). ③ Symptom scales of EORTC-QLQ-STO22 for two groups after propensity score matching: the scores of dysphagia, chest pain or abdominal pain, gastroesophageal reflux, eating disorder, anxiety, dryness of mouth, taste disorder, appearance disturbance, hair loss were 11(6, 20), 13(4, 22), 9(4, 21), 11(7, 20), 23(11, 34), 24(10, 31), 11(5, 21), 19(11, 35), 11(6, 25) for the modified group, respectively, versus 16 (7, 31), 14 (6, 22), 7(5, 16), 11(6, 20), 22 (13, 29), 28 (12, 33), 9 (5, 17), 20 (10, 25), 13 (5, 23) for the traditional group; there was no significant difference in the scores of chest pain or abdominal pain, gastroesophageal reflux, eating disorder, anxiety, dryness of mouth, taste disorder, appearance disturbance, hair loss between the two groups ( Z=0.41, -0.01, 0.99, -0.03, 0.52, 0.46, -0.20, 0.44, P>0.05), while there was a significant difference in the score of dysphagia ( Z=-2.07, P<0.05). ④ Subgroup analysis: after propensity score matching, cases with no, mild, moderate, severe pain (degree of pain perception) for pain-related items in EORTC-QLQ-C30 were 49, 24, 4, 1 of the modified group, versus 43, 9, 14, 2 of the traditional group, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( Z=-2.519, P<0.05). (5)Learning curve of Later-cut overlap anastomosis. The cumulative sum curve for esophagojejunostomy time of the 100 patients in the modified group showed a inflection point at the 33th patient, so the 1st-33th patients were allocated into learning phase and the 34th-100th patients were allocated into stable phase. The operation time, anastomosis time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, the number of lymph node dissected, time to first flatus, time to postoperative liquid diet intake, duration of hospital stay, treatment expenses for patients in the learning phase were (216±60)minutes, (28±10)minutes, 70 mL(range, 10-204 mL), 41±17, (4.5±0.9)days, (5.0±0.8)days, (11.1±4.3)days, 68 722 yuan(range, 52 312-94 943 yuan), respectively, versus (189±51)minutes, (23±8)minutes, 65 mL(range, 5-200 mL), 43±16, (4.4±1.0)days, (5.3±1.1)days, (10.6±6.8)days, 67 380 yuan(range, 49 289-92 732 yuan) for patients in the stable phase. There were significant differences in the operation time and anastomosis time between the two groups ( t=2.27, 2.87, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the volume of intraoperative blood loss, the number of lymph node dissected, time to first flatus, time to postoperative liquid diet intake, duration of hospital stay or treatment expenses between the two groups ( Z=0.57, t=0.69, 0.49, 1.39, 0.39, Z=0.69, P>0.05). Conclusion:Later-cut overlap anastomosis is a digestive tract reconstruction method after totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy, which can reduce the volume of intraoperative blood loss, relieve postoperative eating obstruction and pain and improve postoperative life quality of patients.
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Objective To investigate the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and its risk factors after radical gastrectomy.Methods The prospective study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 2 089 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy in 22 medical centers between December 2017 and November 2018 were collected,including 380 in the Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University,351 in the Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,130 in the Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,139 in the Peking University Cancer Hospital,128 in the Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital,114 in the First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University,104 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,104 in the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University,103 in the Weifang People's Hospital,102 in the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital,99 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University,97 in the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine,60 in the Hangzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine,48 in the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center,29 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,26 in the Lishui Municipal Central Hospital,26 in the Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital,23 in the Jiangsu Province Hospital,13 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University,7 in the Second Hospital of Jilin University,4 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,2 in the Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital of Capital Medical University.Observation indicators:(1) the incidence of POPF after radical gastrectomy;(2) treatment of grade B POPF after radical gastrectomy;(3) analysis of clinicopathological data;(4) analysis of surgical data;(5) risk factors for grade B POPF after radical gastrectomy.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD,and comparison between groups was analyzed using ANOVA.Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages,and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test.Univariate analysis was conducted using the t test or chi-square test based on data excluding missing data of clinicopathological and surgical data.Multivariate analysis was conducted using the Logistic regression model based on factors with P＜0.20 in univariate analysis.Results There were 2 089 patients screened for eligibility,including 1 512 males,576 females and 1 without sex information,aged (62± 11)years.The body mass index (BMI) was (23±3) kg/m2.(1) The incidence of POPF after radical gastrectomy:the total incidence rate of POPF in the 2 089 patients was 20.728％(433/2 089).The incidence rates of biochemical fistula,grade B pancreatic fistula,and grade C pancreatic fistula were 19.627％(410/2 089),1.101％(23/2 089),0,respectively.(2) Treatment of grade B POPF after radical gastrectomy:2 of 23 patients with grade B POPF after radical gastrectomy had drainage tube placed for more than 21 days and received anti-infective therapy.Four of 23 patients with grade B POPF after radical gastrectomy had ascites detected by imaging examination,of which 2 received peritoneal drainage guided by ultrasound,1 received failed puncture drainage,1 received no puncture drainage,and they were given anti-infective therapy.Eleven of 23 patients with grade B POPF after radical gastrectomy had no ascites detected by imaging examinations,and they were given anti-infective therapy and inhibitors of pancreas secretion for clinical manifestation as fever or elevated white blood cells.Six patients with no typical clinical manifestations were given somatostatin to inhibite pancreas secretion and prolonged duration of abdominal drainage tube placement (with a median time of 7 days).All the 23 patients recovered well after treatment,without reoperation.(3) Analysis of clinicopathological data:for the 2 089 patients,BMI,cases with or without neoadjuvant therapy were (23±3) kg/m2,1 487,160 of patients without pancreatic fistula,(23±3)kg/m2,386,22 of patients with biochemical fistula,and (24±3)kg/m2,22,1 of patents with grade B pancreatic fistula,showing significant differences between the three groups (F=5.787,x2 =8.269,P＜0.05).(4) Analysis of surgical data:for the 2 089 patients,cases with open surgery,laparoscopic assisted surgery,totally laparoscopic surgery (surgical method),cases with D1 lymph lode dissection,D2 lymph lode dissection,and other lymph lode dissection (range of lymph lode dissection),cases with no omentectomy,partial omentectomy,and total omentectomy (range of omentectomy),cases with no usage of energy facility,usage of CUSA,LigaSure,LigaSure+CUSA as energy facility,cases with or without biological glue,the number of lymph node dissection were 737,624,292,24,1 580,51,418,834,381,63,1 530,23,16,1 431,201,33±14 of patients without pancreatic fistula,146,189,74,11,389,9,110,171,128,35,359,6,9,378,31,31± 14 of patients with biochemical fistula,and 14,5,4,0,20,3,6,13,4,2,18,1,2,22,1,37±16 of patients with grade B pancreatic fistula,showing significant differences between the three groups (x2=15.578,9.397,15.023,28.245,8.359,F=4.945,P＜ 0.05).(5) Risk factors for grade B POPF after radical gastrectomy:results of univariate analysis showed that usage of energy facility was a related factor for grade B POPF after radical gastrectomy (x2=9.914,P＜0.05).Results of multivariate analysis showed that laparoscopic assisted surgery,combined evisceration,application of LigaSure + CUSA,the number of lymph lode dissection were independent factors for for grade B POPF after radical gastrectomy (odds ratio=0.168,3.922,9.250,1.030,95％ confidence interval:0.036-0.789,1.031-14.919,1.036-82.602,1.001-1.059,P＜0.05).Conclusions The incidence of grade B POPF after radical gastrectomy is relatively low.Laparoscopic assisted surgery,combined evisceration,application of LigaSure + CUSA,and the number of lymph lode dissection are independent risk factors for grade B POPF.Trial Registration:This study was registrated at ClinicalTrial.gov in United States with the registration number of NCT03391687.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and its risk factors after radical gastrectomy.@*Methods@#The prospective study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 2 089 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy in 22 medical centers between December 2017 and November 2018 were collected, including 380 in the Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 351 in the Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 130 in the Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 139 in the Peking University Cancer Hospital, 128 in the Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, 114 in the First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University, 104 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 104 in the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, 103 in the Weifang People′s Hospital, 102 in the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 99 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 97 in the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 60 in the Hangzhou First People′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 48 in the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 29 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University, 26 in the Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, 26 in the Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital, 23 in the Jiangsu Province Hospital, 13 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 7 in the Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 2 in the Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital of Capital Medical University. Observation indicators: (1) the incidence of POPF after radical gastrectomy; (2) treatment of grade B POPF after radical gastrectomy; (3) analysis of clinicopathological data; (4) analysis of surgical data; (5) risk factors for grade B POPF after radical gastrectomy. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed using ANOVA. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. Univariate analysis was conducted using the t test or chi-square test based on data excluding missing data of clinico-pathological and surgical data. Multivariate analysis was conducted using the Logistic regression model based on factors with P<0.20 in univariate analysis.@*Results@#There were 2 089 patients screened for eligibility, including 1 512 males, 576 females and 1 without sex information, aged (62±11)years. The body mass index (BMI) was (23±3)kg/m2. (1) The incidence of POPF after radical gastrectomy: the total incidence rate of POPF in the 2 089 patients was 20.728%(433/2 089). The incidence rates of biochemical fistula, grade B pancreatic fistula, and grade C pancreatic fistula were 19.627%(410/2 089), 1.101%(23/2 089), 0, respectively. (2) Treatment of grade B POPF after radical gastrectomy: 2 of 23 patients with grade B POPF after radical gastrectomy had drainage tube placed for more than 21 days and received anti-infective therapy. Four of 23 patients with grade B POPF after radical gastrectomy had ascites detected by imaging examination, of which 2 received peritoneal drainage guided by ultrasound, 1 received failed puncture drainage, 1 received no puncture drainage, and they were given anti-infective therapy. Eleven of 23 patients with grade B POPF after radical gastrectomy had no ascites detected by imaging examinations, and they were given anti-infective therapy and inhibitors of pancreas secretion for clinical manifestation as fever or elevated white blood cells. Six patients with no typical clinical manifestations were given somatostatin to inhibite pancreas secretion and prolonged duration of abdominal drainage tube placement (with a median time of 7 days). All the 23 patients recovered well after treatment, without reoperation. (3) Analysis of clinicopathological data: for the 2 089 patients, BMI, cases with or without neoadjuvant therapy were (23±3)kg/m2, 1 487, 160 of patients without pancreatic fistula, (23±3)kg/m2, 386, 22 of patients with biochemical fistula, and (24±3)kg/m2, 22, 1 of patents with grade B pancreatic fistula, showing significant differences between the three groups (F=5.787, χ2=8.269, P<0.05). (4) Analysis of surgical data: for the 2 089 patients, cases with open surgery, laparoscopic assisted surgery, totally laparoscopic surgery (surgical method), cases with D1 lymph lode dissection, D2 lymph lode dissection, and other lymph lode dissection (range of lymph lode dissection), cases with no omentectomy, partial omentectomy, and total omentectomy (range of omentectomy), cases with no usage of energy facility, usage of CUSA, LigaSure, LigaSure+ CUSA as energy facility, cases with or without biological glue, the number of lymph node dissection were 737, 624, 292, 24, 1 580, 51, 418, 834, 381, 63, 1 530, 23, 16, 1 431, 201, 33±14 of patients without pancreatic fistula, 146, 189, 74, 11, 389, 9, 110, 171, 128, 35, 359, 6, 9, 378, 31, 31±14 of patients with biochemical fistula, and 14, 5, 4, 0, 20, 3, 6, 13, 4, 2, 18, 1, 2, 22, 1, 37±16 of patients with grade B pancreatic fistula, showing significant differences between the three groups (χ2=15.578, 9.397, 15.023, 28.245, 8.359, F=4.945, P<0.05). (5) Risk factors for grade B POPF after radical gastrectomy: results of univariate analysis showed that usage of energy facility was a related factor for grade B POPF after radical gastrectomy (χ2=9.914, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that laparoscopic assisted surgery, combined evisceration, application of LigaSure + CUSA, the number of lymph lode dissection were independent factors for for grade B POPF after radical gastrectomy (odds ratio=0.168, 3.922, 9.250, 1.030, 95% confidence interval: 0.036-0.789, 1.031-14.919, 1.036-82.602, 1.001-1.059, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The incidence of grade B POPF after radical gastrectomy is relatively low. Laparoscopic assisted surgery, combined evisceration, application of LigaSure + CUSA, and the number of lymph lode dissection are independent risk factors for grade B POPF. Trial Registration: This study was registrated at ClinicalTrial.gov in United States with the registration number of NCT03391687.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the clinical efficacy of Da Vinci robotic total gastrectomy combined with spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer.@*Methods@#The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 47 patients with gastric cancer who were admitted to Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from September 2016 to June 2018 were collected. There were 37 males and 10 females, aged from 23 to 75 years, with an average age of 60 years. Patients underwent Da Vinci robotic total gastrectomy combined with spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy. Observation indicators: (1) intraoperative situations; (2) postoperative situations; (3) postoperative pathological examination; (4) follow-up. Follow-up was conducted by outpatient examination and telephone interview to detect postoperative survival of patients up to September 2018. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were expressed by M (range). Count data were represented as absolute numbers.@*Results@#(1) Intraoperative situations: 47 patients underwent Da Vinci robotic total gastrectomy combined with spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer, without conversion to open surgery. The operation time, hilar lymph node dissection time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, number of lymph node dissected, number of splenic hilar lymph node dissected, number of metastatic lymph nodes, number of metastatic splenic hilar lymph node were (225±36) minutes, (20±6) minutes, (40±27) mL, 40 (range, 17-112), 2 (range, 0-10), 2 (range, 0-29), 0 (range, 0-3). (2) Postoperative situations: time to first out-of-bed activities, time to first anal flatus, time to gastric tube removal, time to initial liquid diet intake, time to initial semi-liquid diet intake, time to drainage tube removal, and duration of postoperative hospital stay were (2.0±0.3)days, (3.4±0.9)days, (3.4±1.1)days, (4.8±1.0)days, (6.7±1.5)days, (8.5±2.5)days, and (12.0±8.3)days, respectively. Of 47 patients, 3, 2, 1, 1, and 1 were detected pulmonary infection, abdominal bleeding, anastomotic fistula, postoperative intestinal obstruction, and abdominal infection. There were 1, 5, and 2 patients with complications in grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ of Clavien-Dindo classification. There was no death in the postoperative 30 days. Two patients with abdominal bleeding were cured by intervene therapy, and patients with other complications were cured by conservative treatment. (3) Postoperative pathological examination: tumor diameter, cases with nodal or vascular or neural invasion, cases with differentiated and undifferentiated tumor (histological differentiation), cases in T1, T2, T3, T4 stages (T staging), cases in N0, N1, N2, N3 stages (N staging), cases in Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ stages (TNM staging) were (4.2±1.6)cm, 26, 31, 16, 5, 22, 17, 3, 18, 9, 8, 12, 13, 20, 14, respectively. (4) Follow-up: 47 patients were followed up for 3-25 months, with a median time of 9 months. During the follow-up, 3 of 47 patients died of tumor recurrence, 1 had tumor-bearing survival, and 43 had tumor-free survival.@*Conclusion@#Da Vinci robotic total gastrectomy combined with spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer is safe and feasible.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Da Vinci robotic total gastrectomy combined with spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer.Methods The retrospective crosssectional study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 47 patients with gastric cancer who were admitted to Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from September 2016 to June 2018 were collected.There were 37 males and 10 females,aged from 23 to 75 years,with an average age of 60 years.Patients underwent Da Vinci robotic total gastrectomy combined with spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy.Observation indicators:(1) intraoperative situations;(2) postoperative situations;(3) postoperative pathological examination;(4) follow-up.Follow-up was conducted by outpatient examination and telephone interview to detect postoperative survival of patients up to September 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD,and measurement data with skewed distribution were expressed by M (range).Count data were represented as absolute numbers.Results (1) Intraoperative situations:47 patients underwent Da Vinci robotic total gastrectomy combined with spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer,without conversion to open surgery.The operation time,hilar lymph node dissection time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of lymph node dissected,number of splenic hilar lymph node dissected,number of metastatic lymph nodes,number of metastatic splenic hilar lymph node were (225±36) minutes,(20±6) minutes,(40±27) mL,40 (range,17-112),2 (range,0-10),2 (range,0-29),0 (range,0-3).(2) Postoperative situations:time to first out-of-bed activities,time to first anal flatus,time to gastric tube removal,time to initial liquid diet intake,time to initial semi-liquid diet intake,time to drainage tube removal,and duration of postoperative hospital stay were (2.0±0.3)days,(3.4±0.9)days,(3.4±1.1)days,(4.8±1.0)days,(6.7±1.5)days,(8.5±2.5)days,and (12.0±8.3) days,respectively.Of 47 patients,3,2,1,1,and 1 were detected pulmonary infection,abdominal bleeding,anastomotic fistula,postoperative intestinal obstruction,and abdominal infection.There were 1,5,and 2 patients with complications in grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ of Clavien-Dindo classification.There was no death in the postoperative 30 days.Two patients with abdominal bleeding were cured by intervene therapy,and patients with other complications were cured by conservative treatment.(3) Postoperative pathological examination:tumor diameter,cases with nodal or vascular or neural invasion,cases with differentiated and undifferentiated tumor (histological differentiation),cases in T1,T2,T3,T4 stages (T staging),cases in N0,N1,N2,N3 stages (N staging),cases in Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ stages (TNM staging) were (4.2±1.6)cm,26,31,16,5,22,17,3,18,9,8,12,13,20,14,respectively.(4) Follow-up:47 patients were followed up for 3-25 months,with a median time of 9 months.During the follow-up,3 of 47 patients died of tumor recurrence,1 had tumor-bearing survival,and 43 had tumor-free survival.Conclusion Da Vinci robotic total gastrectomy combined with spleenpreserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer is safe and feasible.
ABSTRACT
In recent years,the incidence of gastric cancer has been decreasing year by year in the world,but the incidence of adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG) has shown a significant upward trend,especially in western countries such as Europe and America.The prognosis of AEG is poor,therefore,it is extremely necessary to establish AEG's best diagnosis and treatment strategies to improve the long-term outcome of AEG.Nowadays,the most commonly used AEG classification is the Siewert classification proposed by German scholars in 1987,which is based on the anatomical features of the esophagogastric junction.It provides guidance for the choice of surgical methods.Compared with European and American countries,Siewert type Ⅱ or type Ⅲ are more common in Asian countries,and are mainly treated as the proximal gastric cancer.Compared with gastric tumors in other areas,AEG has obvious differences and specialities in anatomy,physiology and pathology,and there is still much controversy in the field of surgical and comprehensive treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the application value of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging in lymphadenectomy of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.Methods The retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 702 patients with primary gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy in the Fujian Medical University Uuion Hospital between April and December 2017 were collected.There were 517 males and 185 females,aged from 22 to 91 years,with an average age of 61 years.Of the 702 patients,39 using ICG fluorescence imaging in the surgery and 663 not using ICG fluorescence imaging were allocated into ICG group and non-ICG group,respectively.Observation indicators:(1) surgical situations and postoperative recovery;(2) postoperative complications;(3) average number of lymph node dissected and positive lymph nodes;(4) follow-up situations.The number of lymph node dissected in the first station (No.1-7 group) and second station (No.8-12 group) were analyzed respectively.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect complications of patients up to June 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD,comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range),comparison between groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test.Count data were represented as absolute number or percentage,comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test.Comparisons of ordinal data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test.Results (1) Surgical situations and postoperative recovery:702 patients underwent successfully laparoscopic radical gastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy,without injuries of important vessels and adjacent organs,without combined multiple organs resection or conversion to open surgery.Of 39 patients in the ICG group,cases undergoing total radical gastrectomy,distal subtotal gastrectomy and proximal subtotal gastrectomy,cases with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy,Billroth Ⅰ anastomosis,Billroth Ⅱ anastomosis,Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy and esophagogastric anastomosis,operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,time for out-of-bed activities,time to initial anal exsufflation,time to first fluid diet intake and duration of postoperative hospital stay were 21,16,2,21,3,13,2,0,(173±28) minutes,40 mL (range,5-200 mL),(2.1±0.6)days,(3.5±1.4)days,(4.8± 1.3)days,(8.6±3.6) days.The above indexes were 363,299,1,363,27,267,1,5,(174±41)minutes,50 mL(range,0-1 750 mL),(2.2±0.8)days,(3.4± 1.1) days,(4.6± 1.5) days,(9.4± 5.0) days in the non-ICG group.There were statistically significant differences in the surgical type and digestive reconstruction method (x2 =9.550,11.388,P＜ 0.05) and no statistically significant difference in the operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,time for out-of-bed activities,time to initial anal exsufflation,time to first fluid diet intake and duration of postoperative hospital stay (t =0.221,Z =-0.651,t =0.492,-0.826,-0.842,0.995,P＞0.05).(2) Postoperative complications:92 out of the 702 patients had postoperative complications,without death of complications.The incidence of complication was 15.38％(6/39) and 12.97％(86/663) in the ICG group and non-ICG group,with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (x2=0.188,P＞0.05).Six patients with complications (1 of Clavien-Dindo Ⅳ,2 of Clavien-Dindo Ⅲa,3 of Clavien-Dindo Ⅰ) in the ICG group and 86 (6 of Clavien-Dindo Ⅳ,16 of Clavien-Dindo Ⅲ,61 of Clavien-Dindo Ⅱ,3 of Clavien-Dindo Ⅰ) in the non-ICG group were cured after symptomatic treatment.(3) Average number of lymph node dissected and positive lymph nodes:the average number of lymph node dissected and positive lymph nodes was 37 (range,3-112) and 1 (range,0-68) of 702 patients,38 (range,24-70) and 2 (range,0-42) in the ICG group,37 (range,3-112) and 1 (range,0-68) in the non-ICG group,with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (Z=-1.454,-0.514,P＞0.05).Stratified analysis:the average number of No.1-7 group lymph nodes dissected and positive lymph nodes was 34 (range,16-67) and 2 (0-38) in the ICG group,33 (range,3-91) and 1 (range,0-56) in the non-ICG group.The average number of No.8-12 group lymph nodes dissected and positive lymph nodes was 11 (range,4-22) and 0 (range,0-13) in the ICG group,9 (range,0-31) and 0 (range,0-25) in the non-ICG group.There was a statistically significant difference in the average number of No.8-12 group lymph nodes dissected between the two groups (Z=-1.984,P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the average number of No.1-7 group lymph nodes dissected,positive No.1-7 group lymph nodes and the average number of positive No.8-12 group lymph nodes between the two groups (Z =-1.302,-0.463,-0.758,P＞0.05).(4) Follow-up situations:702 patients were followed up for 6-14 months,with a median time of 10 months.There was no readmission caused by postoperative complications in the two groups.Conclusion ICG fluorescence imaging in lymphadenectomy of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer is beneficial to dissection of perigastric lymph nodes and increase number of lymph nodes dissected,but cannot increase operation time and incidence of postoperative complications.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the development trend,safety and clinical effects of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy (LRG) for gastric cancer.Methods The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 4 435 patients with gastric cancer who underwent LRG in the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital between January 2008 and December 2017 were collected.There were 3 263 males and 1 172 females,aged (61±11)years,with a range of 12-93 years.According to the operation time,4 435 patients were divided into two periods,including 1 588 patients of the early period (2008-2012) and 2 847 patients of the later period (2013-2017).Observation indicators:(1) the clinicopathological data of patients;(2) intraoperative and postoperative situations;(3) postoperative complications;(4) follow-up and survival situations.Follow-up using outpatient examination,visit to home,mail and telephone interview was performed to detect survival of patients once every 3 months within 2 years postoperatively and once every 6 months after 2 years postoperatively up to June 2018.Survival time was from operation time to the last follow-up,death or deadline of follow-up database such as loss to follow-up or death of other diseases.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD,and comparison between groups was analyzed by the t test.Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range).Count data were described as frequency or percentage,comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test.Linear analysis was done using the unitary linear regression.The survival rate and survival curve were respectively calculated and drawn by the Kaplan-Meier method,and Log-rank test was used for survival analysis.Results (1) The clinicopathological data of patients:there were 3 263 males and 1 172 females of the 4 435 patients,accounting for 73.574％(3 263/4 435) and 26.426％ (1 172/4 435),respectively.TNM staging of the 4 435 patients:1 133 cases were detected early gastric cancer (T1 stage) and 3 302 cases were detected advanced gastric cancer including 518,1 431,1 353 in T2,T3 and T4a stages respectively.Linear regression analysis showed a linear correlation between the cases of LRG and operation year (R2 =0.911,P＜0.05) and a gradually increasing in cases of LRG.The sex (male),cases with tumor at upper stomach,middle stomach,lower stomach,＞ 2 regions (tumor location),tumor diameter,cases with undifferentiated and differentiated tumor (pathological types),cases in pT1,pT2,pT3,pT4a stages (pT staging),in pN0,pN1,pN2,pN3a,pN3b stages (pN staging),in Ⅰ A,Ⅰ B,Ⅱ A,Ⅱ B,ⅢA,ⅢB,ⅢC stages (pTNM staging) were 1 204,383,302,714,189,(4.8±2.7)cm,361,1 227,382,193,418,595,588,212,255,318,215,325,137,150,172,253,267,284 in patients of the early period,and 2 059,807,530,1 128,382,(4.3±2.6) cm,976,1 871,751,325,1 013,758,1 138,444,505,486,274,616,258,378,322,528,443,302 in patients of the later period,with statistically significant differences between patients of the two periods (x2 =6.411,15.699,t =10.946,x2 =57.801,90.437,26.502,98.773,P＜0.05).(2) Intraoperative and postoperative situations:the volume of intraoperative blood loss,cases with intraoperative blood transfusion,cases with Billroth Ⅰ,Billroth Ⅱ,residual stomach Roux-en-Y anastomosis,esophagogastric anastomosis,esophageal Roux-en-Y anastomosis of digestive tract reconstruction,number of lymph nodes dissected,time for initial fluid diet intake,time for initial semi-fluid diet intake,duration of postoperative hospital stay were (120±75)mL,38,599,122,0,32,835,32±13,(4.5±l.7)days,(8.6±2.5)days,(13.0± 7.3) days in patients of the early period,(104±68)mL,17,441,673,21,18,1 694,37±15,(4.1± 1.5)days,(7.9±2.8) days,(12.3±7.6) days in patients of the later period,showing statistically significant differences between patients of the two periods (t=2.169,x2 =26.843,397.185,t=-10.764,2.125,3.347,2.779,P＜0.05).Further linear regression analysis showed a linear correlation between the average number of lymph nodes dissected and operation year (R2=0.826,P＜0.05) and a gradually increasing in average number of lymph nodes dissected.(3) Postoperative complications:690 of 4 435 patients had postoperative complications,with an incidence rate of 15.558％ (690/4 435),including 242 patients of the early period and 448 of the later period,showing no statistically significant difference (x2 =0.191,P ＞ 0.05).Eight patients died of severe postoperative complications,with a death rate of 0.180％ (8/4 435),including 5 of the early period and 3 of the later period,showing no statistically significant difference (x2 =2.485,P＞0.05).Of 4 435 patients,561 had stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ complications,with an incidence rate of 12.649％ (561/4 435),129 had stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ complications,with an incidence rate of 2.909％(129/4 435).There were 196 and 46 patients of the early period with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ complications and stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ complications,365 and 83 of the later period with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ complications and stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ complications,showing no statistically significant difference between patients of the two periods (x2 =0.211,0.001,P＞0.05).(4) Follow-up and survival situations:4 250 of 4 435 patients including 1 465 of the early period and 2 785 of the later period were followed up for 1-123 months,with a median time of 37 months.The 5-year cumulative survival rate was 63.9％.The 5-year cumulative survival rate was 91.8％,80.2％ and 39.5％ in the stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ patients,respectively,showing a statistically significant difference (x2 =810.146,P＜0.05).The 5-year cumulative survival rate was 60.8％ and 66.7％ in patients of the early and later period,respectively with a statistically significant difference (x2 =17.887,P＜0.05).Stratified analysis of TNM staging:the 5-year cumulative survival rates of stage Ⅰ A,Ⅰ B,Ⅱ A,Ⅱ B,Ⅲ A,Ⅲ B,Ⅲ C patients in the early period were 92.7％,85.6％,79.4％,74.5％,58.1％,37.6％,18.9％ and 95.6％,90.4％,87.6％,79.5％,52.7％,41.2％,19.5％ in patients of the later period,with no statistically significant difference (x2 =0.414,2.575,2.872,2.119,0.632,0.972,2.212,P＞0.05).Conclusions Surgical volume of the LRG has shown an increasing trend year by year,and the number of lymph nodes dissected and postoperative recovery of patients are improving.LRG is a safe procedure with acceptable clinical efficacy for gastric cancer.
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Objective To explore the effect of unplanned reoperation (URO) on clinical efficacy after radical resection of gastric cancer (GC),and its causes and risk factors analysis affecting URO.Methods The retrospective case-control study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 4 124 patients who underwent radical resection of GC in the Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University between January 2005 and December 2014 were collected.The initial operation was open or laparoscopic radical resection of GC.Observation indicators:(1) initial operation situations,results of pathologic examination and follow-up situations;(2) postoperative recovery situations;(3) causes and time interval of URO after radical resection of GC;(4) univariate analysis affecting URO after radical resection of GC;(5) multivariate analysis affecting URO after radical resection of GC.Follow-up using outpatient examination,telephone interview and Wechat was performed to detect postoperative 30-day recovery of patients.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (-x)±s,and comparisons between groups were done using the independent-sample t test.Count data and univariate analysis were done using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.Multivariate analysis was done using the logistic regression model.Results (1) Initial operation situations,results of pathologic examination and follow-up situations:① Initial operation situations of 4 124 patients,2 608 and 1 516 underwent respectively laparoscopic surgery and open surgery;2 259 and 1 865 underwent respectively total gastrectomy and distal gastrectomy.② Results of pathological examination of 4 124 patients:883,468,959 and 1 814 were respectively in T1,T2,T3 and T4a stages;1 414,571,683 and 1 456 were in N0,N1,N2 and N3 stages;1 073,825 and 2 226 were in Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ stages.③) All the 4 124 patients were followed up within 30 days after initial operation,with a follow-up rate of 100.000％(4 124/4 124),including 52 with URO and 4 072 without URO,with a early URO rate of 1.261％ (52/4 124).(2) Postoperative recovery situations:of 4 072 patients without URO,575 had postoperative complications,with an incidence of 14.121％ (575/4 072);17 died after operation,with a mortality of 0.417％ (17/4 072),and duration of postoperative hospital stay was (14.0±9.0) days.Of 52 patients with URO,23 had complications after reoperation,with an incidence of 44.231％ (23/52);6 died after reoperation,with a mortality of 11.538％ (6/52),and duration of postoperative hospital stay was (28.0± 13.0) days.There were statistically significant differences in above indicators between groups (x2=37.550,t=10.900,P＜0.05).(3) Causes and time interval of URO after radical resection of GC:total time interval between initial operation and URO of 52 patients was (6.9±6.7)days.Causes of URO of 52 patients:23 (2 deaths),7,6 (2 deaths),5,5 (1 death),3,2 and 1 (death) patients were respectively due to intraperitoneal hemorrhage,anastomotic bleeding,anastomotic leakage,intra-abdominal infection,small bowel obstruction,dehiscence of abdominal incisions,enteric perforation and pancreatic fistula,and time intervals between initial operation and URO of them were respectively (3.9±3.8)days,(0.9±_0.5)days,(7.9±4.7) days,(14.9±4.6)days,(16.4±9.9) days,(10.0±6.O)days,(6.7±5.2) days and 12.0 days.(4) Univariate analysis affecting URO after radical resection of GC:results showed that age,body mass index (BMI) and volume of intraoperative blood loss were risk factors affecting URO after radical resection of GC (x2 =5.468,7.589,5.041,P＜0.05).(5) Multivariate analysis affecting URO after radical resection of GC:results showed that age ＞ 70 years old,BMI ＞ 25 kg/m2 and volume of intraoperative blood loss ＞ 100 mL were independent risk factors affecting occurrence of URO after radical resection of GC (odds ratio =1.950,2.288,1.867;95％ confidence interval:1.074-3.538,1.230-4.257,1.067-3.267,P＜0.05).Conclusions URO can increase postoperative complications and mortality,and extend duration of hospital stay after radical resection of GC.Intraabdominal bleeding,anastomotic bleeding and anastomotic leakage are the main causes affecting occurrence of URO after radical resection of GC,and age ＞70 years old,BMI ＞ 25 kg/m2 and volume of intraoperative blood loss ＞ 100 mL are independent risk factors affecting occurrence of URO after radical resection of GC.
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OBJECTIVE To explore the efficiency of reducing post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage by increasing blood pressure before the end of the coblation operation.METHODS Clinical data of 1069 patients with coblation assisted tonsillectomy under general anesthesia between January 2008 and January 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.The treatment group were 546 patients checked the operation cavity after increasing blood pressure before the end of tonsillectomy,while the control group were 523 patients checked the operation cavity with routine procedure without increasing the blood pressure.Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage incidence and postoperative bleeding volume were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Checking the operation cavity after increasing blood pressure before the end of tonsillectomy can reduce the incidence of postoperative primary hemorrhage (P＜0.05),but cannot reduce the incidence of postoperative secondary hemorrhage (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION Increasing blood pressure before the end of tonsillectomy can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative primary hemorrhage.
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Objective To investigate the impact of preoperative comorbidities on the abdominal complications after laparoscope-assisted total gastrectomy (LATG) for gastric cancer.Methods The retrospective casecontrol study was conducted.The clinical data of 1 657 gastric cancer patients who underwent LATG at the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital between January 2008 and December 2015 were collected.There were 175 patients with postoperative abdominal complications,including 78 without preoperative comorbidities and 97 with preoperative comorbidities (52 with 1 comorbidity,30 with 2 comorbidities and 15 with more than 3 comorbidities).Analysis method and observation indicators:(1) risk factors analysis of abdominal complications after LATG;(2) risk assessment of abdominal complications after LATG:independent influencing factors of risk factors analysis were expressed as dependent variables,alignment diagram was built and then consistency index was calculated;(3) comparisons of abdominal complications among the patients with different kinds of comorbidities after LATG;(4) multivariate analysis of abdominal complications in patients with comorbidities after LATG;(5)follow-up situations.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect postoperative survival of patients up to May 2016.The univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were respectively done using the chi-square test and Logistic regression model.The survival rate was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method.Results (1) Risk factors analysis of abdominal complications after LATG:results of univariate analysis showed that age,body mass index (BMI),number of preoperative comorbidities,operation time and estimated volume of intraoperative blood loss were related factors affecting abdominal complications of patients after LATG (X2 =4.487,16.602,10.361,4.567,7.482,P＜0.05).Results of multivariate analysis showed that BMI,number of preoperative comorbidities and estimated volume of intraoperative blood loss were independent factors affecting abdominal complications of patients after LATG [OR =1.966,1.204,1.423,95％confidence interval (CI):1.355-2.851,1.014-1.431,1.013-1.999,P＜0.05].(2) Risk assessment of abdominal complications after LATG:BMI,number of preoperative comorbidities and estimated volume of intraoperative blood loss were expressed as dependent variables,and the alignment diagram on risk prediction of abdominal complications after LATG was built,with a consistency index of 0.703.(3) Comparisons of abdominal complications among the patients with different kinds of comorbidities after LATG:numbers of patients without comorbidity,with 1 comorbidity,2 comorbidities and ≥3 comorbidities were detected in 21,8,13,3 patients with intra-abdominal infection and 13,10,9,5 patients with anastomotic leakage and 6,3,6,2 patients with intra-abdominal bleeding,respectively,with statistically significant differences (X2 =10.677,10.436,9.245,P＜0.05).(4) Multivariate analysis of abdominal complications in patients with comorbidities after LATG:BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and estimated volume of intraoperative blood loss ＞ 82 mL were independent risk factors affecting abdominal complications of patients with preoperative comorbidities after LATG (OR =2.104,1.771,95％ CI:1.307-3.387,1.146-2.738,P＜0.05).(5) Follow-up situations:of 1 657 patients,1 568 were followed up for 4-99 months,with a median time of 47 months.Ninety-seven patients with preoperative comorbidities undergoing LATG had postoperative abdominal complications and were followed up.During follow-up,5-year survival rate of patients was 58.1％,and 5-year survival rate of 97 patients with preoperative comorbidities undergoing LATG and with postoperative abdominal complications was 57.4％.Conclusion Preoperative comorbidities are independent factors affecting abdominal complications of patients after LATG.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the prognostic assessment value of preoperative blood platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (gMANEC) treated with radical surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical and pathological data of 84 gMANEC patients who underwent radical resection from 2006 to 2016 in Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the cutoff value of the PLR for predicting prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify prognostic factors of gMANEC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients underwent D2 lymph node dissection, including 26 cases of distal subtotal gastrectomy and 58 cases of total gastrectomy. The postoperative pathological TNM stage system(pTNM) demonstrated that the patients of stage I(, II(, and III( were 9(10.7%), 14(16.7%), and 61(72.6%) cases, respectively. The median follow-up time was 40(3 to 96) months. The recurrence rate was 41.7%(35/84). The median time to recurrence was 10 (1 to 40) months, and 82.9%(29/35) patients experienced recurrence within the first 2 years after operation. The median overall survival time was 27(3 to 39) month, and the median recurrence-free survival time was 21 (1 to 96) months. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival(OS) rates were 87.6%, 56.6%, and 47.4%, respectively, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were 70.5%, 50.7%, and 44.9%, respectively. The best cutoff value of the PLR for predicting prognosis was 133 through ROC curve, which categorized all the patients into low PLR group (≤133) comprising 28 patients and high PLR group (>133) comprising 56 patients. The tumor recurrence rate was significantly higher in high PLR group (50.0%, 28/56) than that in low PLR group(25.0%, 7/28)(P=0.028). The live metastasis rate was significantly higher in high PLR group(35.7%, 20/56) than that in low PLR group(10.7%, 3/28)(P=0.015). Cox regression analysis showed that only pTNM stage (P=0.003) was independent prognostic factors of OS, while both pTNM stage (P=0.000) and blood PLR (P=0.015) were independent prognostic factors of RFS.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>gMANEC patients with high preoperative PLR tend to present recurrence and metastasis, especially to present live metastasis, so they should be kept under surveillance more frequently after surgery.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blood Platelets , Carcinoma , Gastrectomy , Lymph Node Excision , Lymphocyte Subsets , Lymphocytes , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Neuroendocrine Tumors , Pathology , Therapeutics , Prognosis , Proportional Hazards Models , ROC Curve , Retrospective Studies , Stomach Neoplasms , Pathology , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) in different anatomical locations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 133 patients with primary gastric GIST undergoing laparoscopic resection at our department from January 2006 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into favorable site group (F group, 90 cases), including gastric fundus, anterior wall and greater curvature of gastric body, and unfavorable site group (UF group, 43 cases),including gastroesophageal junction, posterior wall and lesser curvature of gastric body,antrum and pylorus, according to the 2014 version National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Guidelines. Short-term and long-term efficacy between the two groups was compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant differences between the two groups in the general clinicopathological parameters (all P>0.05). The operation time of F group and UF group was (107.3±52.3) min and (119±53.4) min respectively (P=0.21). The blood loss in F group and UF group was (35.2±34.2) ml and (35.2±31.2) ml respectively (P=1.00). In addition, there were no significant differences in time to first fluid diet, time to first flatus, postoperative hospital stay and hospitalization expenses between the two groups(all P>0.05). In F group and UF group, morbidity of postoperative complication was 6.7%(6/90) and 4.7%(2/43) respectively (P=0.72), morbidity of category I(-II( complication was 4.4%(4/90) and 2.3%(1/43) respectively (P=0.66),and morbidity of category III(-IIII( complication was 2.2%(2/90) and 2.3% (1/43) respectively (P=1.00). Median follow-up time of all the cases was 36(1 to 84) months. The 5-year overall survival rates of F group and UF group were 93.8% and 95.2% respectively, and 5-year relapse-free survival rates were 81.1% and 89.4% respectively, without significant differences(both P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Laparoscopic operation for gastric GIST in unfavorable sites can yield similar short- and long-term outcomes compared with those in favorable sites.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Esophagogastric Junction , Gastrectomy , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors , General Surgery , Laparoscopy , Length of Stay , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Operative Time , Postoperative Complications , Postoperative Period , Pylorus , Retrospective Studies , Stomach Neoplasms , General Surgery , Survival Rate , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy in patients with gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (GNEC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 84 patients with GNEC undergoing laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy in Union Hospital from January 2006 to December 2012 were analyzed respectively. Among these patients, 44 cases underwent laparoscopic D2 gastrectomy (LAG group) and 40 cases underwent open gastrectomy (OG group). The short- and long-term outcomes, 3-year survival and recurrence-free survival were compared between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The LAG group and OG group did not differ significantly in terms of clinicopathologic characteristics. All the patients completed operations successfully and no patients in the LAG group ware converted to laparotomy. The operative time was similar (P>0.05). As compared to OG group, LAG group had less intra-operative blood loss [(85±21) ml vs. (192±89) ml, P=0.003], lower ratio of transfusion [2.3%(1/44) vs. 15.0%(6/40), P=0.048], shorter time to ambulation after surgery [(2.5±1.1) days vs. (3.5±1.1) days, P=0.001], faster postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery [(2.9±1.1) days vs. (5.1±1.0) days, P=0.001], shorter time to resume soft diet [(4.1±1.2) days vs. (5.7±1.3) days, P=0.001] and shorter postoperative hospital stay [(12.0±3.4) days vs. (15.0±5.5) days, P=0.002]. No significant difference was observed in average dissected lymph node number between LAG and OG group (35.0±16.4 vs. 31.6±12.1, P=0.204). Morbidity of postoperative complication of LAG group and OG group was 11.4%(5/44) and 17.5%(7/40) respectively (P=0.422). The overall 3-year survival rate was 54.0% for all the patients, while 3-year survival rate was 56.3% in LAG group and 51.4 % in OG group (P=0.478). In addition, there was no significant difference in recurrence-free survival between the two group (33.0 months vs. 31.5 months, P=0.703).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with open gastrectomy, laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy has the advantages of faster recovery and less blood loss, and similar short-term and long-term outcomes in treatment of patients with GNEC, thus it is a safe and feasible treatment for GNEC.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blood Loss, Surgical , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine , General Surgery , Gastrectomy , Methods , Laparoscopy , Laparotomy , Length of Stay , Lymph Node Excision , Operative Time , Postoperative Complications , Postoperative Period , Stomach Neoplasms , General Surgery , Survival Rate , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A good team work including an excellent assistant is very important for laparoscopic radical gastrectomy, because of the complex anatomy around the stomach and the difficulty of extra-gastric lymphadenectomy. An assistant with expert cooperation can shorten the operation time, decrease bleeding, increase the smoothness of the operation, improve the quality of surgery. Growth of assistants requires time and case accumulation. Firstly they should understand their own tasks, perfect themselves in the use of laparoscopic instruments and operating skills. A good assistant should follow the lead of the surgeon and maintain good cooperation, and keep on learning in order to shorten the learning curve.
Subject(s)
Humans , Gastrectomy , Methods , Laparoscopy , Methods , Professional Competence , Stomach Neoplasms , General SurgeryABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Little is known about the feasibility and safety of laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy (LATG) with extended lymphadenectomy in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). This study compared the technical feasibility, safety, and oncologic efficacy of LATG with open total gastrectomy (OTG) for AGC without serosa invasion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2009 to December 2011, 235 patients underwent LATG and 153 patients underwent OTG for AGC without serosa invasion. Age, gender, and depth of invasion (pT2 and pT3) were matched by propensity scoring, and 116 patients (58 LATG and 58 OTG) were selected for analysis. Their clinicopathologic characteristics, postoperative outcomes, and survival were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference in clinicopathologic characteristics between the two propensity-matched groups. Median number of lymph nodes per patient was 29, and the mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was similar in the LATG and OTG groups (30.8±10.2 vs. 29.0±8.3). Peri-operative characteristics, operation time, number of transfused units per patient, and time to resumption of activities were similar in the two groups; while blood loss, times to first flatus and resumption of soft diet, and post-operative stay were significantly lower in the LATG group (P < 0.05, respectively). Rates of post-operative complications (12.1% vs. 15.5%) and postoperative mortality (0% vs. 1.7%), as well as cumulative survival rates, were similar.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LATG with D2 lymphadenectomy is a safe and feasible procedure for AGC patients without serosa invasion. Prospective, multicenter, randomized trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of LATG in this patient population.</p>